tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54200382439235808852024-02-20T13:30:01.056-08:00ondas mecanicas y electromagneticasyuranishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10067305270323937974noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5420038243923580885.post-3640442002415410122009-11-09T12:47:00.000-08:002009-11-09T12:53:02.096-08:00<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Primero que todo para enfatizar en que es una onda mecánica y electromagnética primero empecemos en saber:</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>¿Que es una onda?</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>En física, una onda es una propagación de una perturbación de alguna propiedad de un medio, por ejemplo, densidad, presión, campo eléctrico o campo magnético, que se propaga a través del espacio transportando energía. El medio perturbado puede ser de naturaleza diversa como aire, agua, un trozo de metal, el espacio o el vacío.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>CLASES DE ONDA</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las ondas se clasifican en dos formas:</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>1. con respecto al Medio de Propagación:</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las ondas pueden ser mecánicas y electromagnéticas.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>2. con respecto a la Dirección de Propagación:</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Estas ondas pueden ser transversales y longitudinales.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Pero hoy vamos profundizar en las ondas clasificadas según el medio de propagación.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las ondas mecánicas </strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Una onda mecánica es una perturbación tensional que se propaga a lo largo de un medio material ya sea través de una sustancia y transporta energía, necesitando de un medio (sólido, líquido o gaseoso) para propagarse.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las partículas del medio oscilan alrededor de un punto fijo sin desplazarse y no hay transporte de la materia que constituye el medio. </strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Como en el caso de una alfombra o un látigo cuyo extremo se sacude, la alfombra no se desplaza, sin embargo una onda se propaga a su través.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>El sonido es ejemplo más conocido de una onda mecánica, que en los fluidos se propaga como onda longitudinal de presión. y como tal necesita un medio para propagarse, normalmente la atmósfera, estando constituido por una variación de la presión atmosférica.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Los terremotos, por otra parte, se modelizan como ondas elásticas que se propagan por el terreno.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Debido a esta característica no puede propagarse por el vacío, de ahí que en el espacio no haya sonido.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las ondas electromagnéticas</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Una onda electromagnética es la perturbación simultánea de los campos</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Eléctricos y magnéticos existentes en una misma región (James</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>C. Maxwell fue quien descubrió las ondas electromagnéticas).</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Las ondas originadas por los campos eléctricos y magnéticos son de</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Carácter transversal, encontrándose en fase, pero estando las vibraciones</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Accionadas en planos perpendiculares entre sí.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>En el siglo pasado, Maxwell, demostró que en el vacío, la velocidad de</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Propagación de las ondas electromagnéticas es:</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>: permeabilidad magnética = 4107</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>: permeabilidad eléctrica = 8,851012</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Luego: v 3108 m/s</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Ahora, Recordará, éste es el valor de la velocidad de propagación de</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>La luz en el vacío, y es que no es coincidencia; la luz es una onda electromagnética.</strong></span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>No necesitan un medio material para propagarse, se propagan en el vacío. El calor del Sol nos llega a través de estas ondas. También las ondas de las estaciones de radio y televisión.</strong></span>yuranishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10067305270323937974noreply@blogger.com0